Ngokuqhutshwa umgomo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo kuzodlulela kumandla ahlanzekile.Amandla elanga, njengamandla ahlanzekile ajwayelekile empilweni yansuku zonke, nawo azothola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.Kodwa-ke, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi welanga ngokwawo akuzinzile, futhi kuhlobene eduze nokuqina kokukhanya kwelanga nezimo zezulu zosuku, okudinga isethi yemishini yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic efanelekile yokulawula amandla.
Inhliziyo Yesistimu Ye-Photovoltaic Yasekhaya
Isitoreji samandla se-photovoltaic sasekhaya sivame ukufakwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya ukuze kunikezwe ugesi kubasebenzisi basekhaya.Isistimu yokugcina amandla ingathuthukisa izinga lokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho ama-photovoltais asendlini, inciphise inkokhelo kagesi yomsebenzisi, futhi iqinisekise ukuzinza kokusetshenziswa kukagesi komsebenzisi ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.Kubasebenzisi abasezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu kagesi, umehluko wentengo osuka phezulu ukuya esigodini, noma amagridi amadala, ukonga kakhulu ukuthenga amasistimu okugcina asendlini, futhi abasebenzisi basekhaya banomdlandla wokuthenga amasistimu okugcina asendlini.
Njengamanje, iningi lamandla elanga asetshenziswa e-China asetshenziselwa ukushisisa amanzi kuphela.Amaphaneli elanga angaphakela indlu yonke ngempela ugesi asemancane, futhi abasebenzisi abakhulu basengaphesheya kwezilwandle, ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-United States.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuya emadolobheni emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika, futhi izindlu zivame ukubuswa yizindlu ezizimele noma ezizimele, zilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaics yasendlini.Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2021, umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaic wendlu ngayinye we-EU uzoba ngama-watts angama-355.3 umuzi ngamunye, okuwukunyuka okungama-40% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019.
Ngokwezinga lokungena, umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaics yasendlini e-Australia, e-United States, eJalimane nase-Japan akhawunti angu-66.5%, 25.3%, 34.4% no-29.5% yenani eliphelele lomthamo we-photovoltaic ofakiwe ngokulandelana, kuyilapho ingxenye yomthamo we-photovoltaic efakiwe. emakhaya e-China yi-4% kuphela.Kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, negumbi elikhulu lokuthuthuka.
Ingqikithi yesistimu ye-photovoltaic yasendlini iyimishini yokugcina amandla, okuyingxenye enezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu.Njengamanje, intengo yamabhethri e-lithium e-China cishe i-130 US dollar/kWh.Sithatha umndeni wabane eSydney abazali babo abayisigaba esisebenzayo njengesibonelo, sicabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke komndeni kungu-22kWh, isistimu yokugcina amandla yasekhaya efakiwe yizingxenye ze-photovoltaic ezingu-7kW kanye nebhethri yokugcina amandla engu-13.3kWh.Lokhu kusho nokuthi amabhethri anele okugcina amandla ohlelo lwe-photovoltaic azobiza u-$1,729.
Kodwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, intengo yemishini yelanga yasekhaya yehle cishe ngo-30% yaya ku-50%, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuke cishe ngo-10% kuya ku-20%.Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesitoreji samandla we-photovoltaic yasendlini.
Amathemba akhanyayo okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic yasendlini
Ngaphezu kwamabhethri okugcina amandla, ezinye izisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zingama-photovoltaics nama-inverters okugcina amandla, futhi izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic zasekhaya ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa nokuthi ngabe axhunywe kugridi.uhlelo, isistimu yokugcina amandla e-off-grid yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic, kanye nesistimu yokulawula amandla okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic.
Amasistimu okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic yasendlini ehlanganisiwe ngokuvamile afanele imizi emisha ye-photovoltaic, esengaqinisekisa isidingo sikagesi ngemva kokucisha kukagesi.Njengamanje iwumkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa ayifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwemizi ekhona ye-photovoltaic.Uhlobo lokuhlanganisa lufanele imizi ekhona ye-photovoltaic, ukuguqula uhlelo olukhona lwe-photovoltaic oluxhunywe kugridi lube yisistimu yokugcina amandla, izindleko zokufakwayo ziphansi kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuncane;uhlobo lwe-off-grid lufanele izindawo ezingenawo amagridi, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka lufakwe isixhumi esibonakalayo samajeneretha edizili.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri okugcina amandla, ama-inverters namamojula we-photovoltaic ahlanganisa cishe ingxenye yezindleko eziphelele zamabhethri.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yokugcina amandla yasendlini idinga ukufakwa ngabafaki, futhi izindleko zokufaka nazo ziyi-12% -30%.
Nakuba kubiza kakhulu, amasistimu amaningi okugcina amabhethri futhi avumela ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile kukagesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, hhayi nje ukuthengisa amandla engeziwe kusistimu yamandla, kodwa amanye athuthukiswa ukuze ahlanganiswe nezindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi.Okwamanje lapho izimoto zikagesi zithandwa kakhulu, le nzuzo izosiza futhi abasebenzisi ukuthi basindise izindleko eziningi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncika ngokweqile emithonjeni yamandla yangaphandle kuzoholela enkingeni yamandla, ikakhulukazi esimweni sanamuhla somhlaba esishubile.Uma sithatha isakhiwo samandla saseYurophu njengesibonelo, igesi yemvelo ibalelwa ku-25%, kanti igesi yemvelo yaseYurophu incike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, okuholela esidingweni esiphuthumayo sokuguqulwa kwamandla eYurophu.
I-Germany isiqhubekisele phambili umgomo ohlosiwe wokukhiqiza amandla kagesi avuselelekayo angu-100% kusukela ngowezi-2050 kuya kowezi-2035, ithole u-80% wamandla avela ekuphehleni amandla avuselelekayo.I-European Commission yaphasisa isiphakamiso se-REPowerEU sokwandisa imigomo ye-EU evuselelekayo yamandla ka-2030, okuzokwandisa i-17TWh kagesi ngonyaka wokuqala wepulani ye-photovoltaic yasendlini, futhi ikhiqize i-42TWh yogesi owengeziwe ngo-2025. Zonke izakhiwo zomphakathi zifakwe ama-photovoltaics, futhi zidinga Zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zifakwe ngophahla lwe-photovoltaic, futhi inqubo yokugunyazwa ilawulwa phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu.
Bala umthamo ofakiwe wama-photovoltaics asabalalisiwe ngokusekelwe enanini lemizi, ucabangele izinga lokungena kwesitoreji samandla sasendlini ukuze uthole inani lesitoreji samandla sasekhaya esifakiwe, futhi uthathe isilinganiso somthamo ofakiwe womuzi ngamunye ukuze uthole umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji samandla sasendlini emhlabeni nasezimakethe ezihlukahlukene.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngo-2025, izinga lokungena kokugcinwa kwamandla emakethe entsha ye-photovoltaic lingama-20%, izinga lokungena kokugcinwa kwamandla emakethe yamasheya liyi-5%, futhi indawo yokugcina amandla yasendlini emhlabeni wonke ifinyelela ku-70GWh, indawo yemakethe inkulu. .
isifinyezo
Njengoba isilinganiso samandla kagesi ahlanzekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke siba sibaluleke nakakhulu, ama-photovoltaics angena kancane kancane ezinkulungwaneni zemizi.Isistimu yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic yasekhaya ayikwazi nje ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sikagesi sansuku zonke sendlu, kodwa futhi ithengise ugesi owedlulele kugridi ukuze uthole imali.Ngokukhula kwemishini kagesi, lolu hlelo lungaba umkhiqizo okufanele ube nawo emindenini ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2023